Saturday, 22 June 2013

human genome

Regulatory sequences



The human genome has many different regulatory sequences which are crucial to control gene expression.



short sequences that appear near or within genes.



A systematic understanding of these regulatory sequences and how they together act as a gene regulatory network is only beginning to emerge from computational, high-throughput expression and comparative genomics studies.



Some types of non-coding DNA are genetic "switches" that do not encode proteins, but do regulate when and where genes are expressed.



These regulatory elements called gene promoters ( enhancer and silencer regions).


Vertebrates have essentially the same genes and regulatory gene sequences as humans, but with only one-eighth the "junk" DNA.






http://www.defendproclaimthefaith.org/blog/wp-content/uploads/DNA-genes-radio-controlled-.jpg




Genome

  Expression that describes all types of genes and DNA sequences owned by the organism in the nuclei of cells.  It carries the instructions within the small units called genes, which lined up together in a folder called chromosomes and the combination of genes within the portfolio are all called genome

The genome is all the DNA in a cell.

All the DNA on all the chromosomes

Includes genes, intergenic sequences, repeats

Specifically, it is all the DNA in an organelle.

Eukaryotes can have 2-3 genomes


       - Nuclear genome

      - Mitochondrial genome

       - Plastid genome


If not specified, “genome” usually refers to the nuclear genome.

Genomics is the study of genomes, including large chromosomal segments containing many genes. 


The initial phase of genomics aims to map and sequence an initial set of entire genomes.

Functional genomics aims to deduce information about the function of DNA sequences.



In the primitive genome: chromosome throat, usually one
Genome, in fact the nucleus:
 

1. Nuclear genome: all the genes and DNA sequences that exist in the single number of chromosomes in the nucleus of the cell.
2. Mitoconderia genome: chromosome throat and one or more.
3. Blastidi genome: chromosome throat and one or more.
And when we genome (genome) in eukaryotes, it is intended to nuclear genome normally.
Genome of the viruses: viral genome or viral chromosome: is the genetic material surrounded by the outer jacket.




                                                     

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